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๊ณ„ํš์— ์—†๋˜ ํ’€

 

                                                                                                                      ๊น€๋…ธ์•”(์ „์‹œ๊ธฐํš์ž) 2018

 

‘ํ™”ํ•ฉ์˜ ๊ด‘์žฅ’์ด๋ž€ ์ด๋ฆ„์„ ํ•œ ์žฅ์†Œ๋Š” ๋ฐ˜์ฏค ๊ณตํ„ฐ๋กœ ๋น„์›Œ์ ธ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ง“๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์˜ค๋ž˜๋˜์–ด ์ฒ ๊ฑฐ ์ค‘์ธ์ง€ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ํ•œ ๊ด‘์žฅ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ด‘์žฅ์ด๊ธฐ๋‚˜ ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ผ๊นŒ? ์ธ๊ณต์ ์ธ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋ค ๊ณต์‚ฌ์žฅ ๊ฐ€๋ฆผ๋ง‰์ด ํ’€๊ณผ ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋‚˜ ์ž๋ž€ ๋Œ€์ง€๋ฅผ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ์‹ธ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ‘์ฃผ์ธ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋•…’์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ œ๋ชฉ์˜ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์€ ํ•œ ์ชฝ์€ ๋ฒฝ๋Œ๋ฒฝ์ด ๋˜ ํ•œ์ชฝ์€ ์ฒ ์ฑ…์ด ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ์‹ธ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ž‘ํ’ˆ ‘ํ‘ธ๋ฅธ ๋ฌผ’์€ ๋ง‘์€ ๋ฌผ์ด ํ‘ธ๋ฅธ ํ•˜๋Š˜์„ ๋ฐ˜์‚ฌํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ƒ์พŒํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋ถ„์„ ์ค€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๊ทธ ๋ฌผ์€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๊ณต์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์•ž ๋‘” ๊ณตํ„ฐ์— ๊ณ ์ธ ๋ฌผ์ด๋‹ˆ ๊ณง ๋ง๋ผ๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ณต์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜๋ฉด ๋ฒ„๋ ค์ ธ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ฒญ๋ช…ํ•œ ์ž์—ฐ์„ ๊ฐ์ƒํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•  ๋ฟ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฆ„๋„ ์—†๊ณ  ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋„ ์—†๋Š” ์ƒํƒœ. ๋งˆ์นจ๋‚ด ์ธ๋ฅ˜์˜ ์šด๋ช…์€ ๊ฑฐ๋ฌดํ‹ฑํ‹ฑํ•œ ๊ณตํ—ˆ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋“์ฐฌ ์ฑ„ ๊ฐ์˜ฅ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๊ฐ‡ํžŒ ‘๋นˆ ๋•…’์— ๋˜์ ธ์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค.

 

์นผ๋กœ ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜๋ˆ ๋†“์€ ์ด๊ณณ๊ณผ ์ €๊ณณ, ์•ˆ๊ณผ ๋ฐ–. ๋‚ด ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๋‚ด ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ๊ฒƒ. ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณตํ•™๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋กœ ์ธก๋Ÿ‰๋œ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„์„ ์˜ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋Š” ์ต์ˆ™ํ•˜๋‹ค. ๊ทผ๋Œ€ ์„œ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ œ๊ตญ์ฃผ์˜์ž๋“ค์ด ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด๋‚˜ ์•„์‹œ์•„๋ฅผ ์‹๋ฏผํ†ต์น˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์‚ถ์˜ ๊ณ ์œ ์„ฑ์ด๋‚˜ ์ƒํƒœํ•™์  ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ฌด์‹œํ•œ ์ฑ„ ์ž๋กœ ์ค„์„ ๊ธ‹๋“ฏ ์ด๋ฆฌ์ €๋ฆฌ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„๋Š” ํญ๋ ฅ์„ ์žํ–‰ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋˜๊ฐ€. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋˜ํ•œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๋‹ค. ํ•œ๊ตญ์ด ๊ฒช์€ 20์„ธ๊ธฐ ์ดˆ์ค‘๋ฐ˜์˜ ๊ณ ํ†ต๊ณผ ๋ถˆํ–‰ ๋˜ํ•œ ํƒ€์ž์˜ ์ดํ•ด๊ด€๊ณ„ ์†์— ์ด๋ฆฌ์ €๋ฆฌ ์ž„์˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„ํ• ๋œ ํญ๋ ฅ์— ๊ธฐ์ธํ•œ ๊ฒƒ ์•„๋‹Œ๊ฐ€. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์š•๋ง์˜ ํญ๋ ฅ์€ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋“œ๋กœ ์€์œ ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ž‘๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ˆˆ์ข…์ด์˜ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋“œ๋ฅผ  ์ด์šฉํ•ด ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์„ธ์ƒ์˜ ๊ฐ‘์ž‘์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ๋ณ€ํ™”๋“ค์„ ์žฌํ˜„ํ•œ๋‹ค. ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์ˆ˜์น˜๋กœ ์ˆ˜๋ ด๋˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋ฆฌ์ ์ด๊ณ  ๋ชฐ๊ฐ€์น˜์ ์ธ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋ˆˆ์ข…์ด์˜ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋“œ๊ฐ€ ์ž˜ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜์น˜๋กœ ๊ณ„์ธก๋˜๊ณ  ์ผ๊ด€๋œ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์  ํ˜•์ƒํ™”๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋“œ์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งˆ์น˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์ด๋…์ด๋‚˜ ๊ธฐ์ค€์— ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ผ์›Œ ๋งž์ถ”๋ ค๋Š” ํ˜„์‹ค์„ ๋น—๋Œ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ์ž๋ณธ์˜ ์š•๋ง์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ค€ ๋ง์ด๋‹ค. ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์‚ถ์€ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋“œ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜๋Š” ์„ธ๊ณ„์— ๋ถ„ํ• ๋˜์–ด ๊ทœ๊ฒฉํ™” ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ž‘๊ฐ€์˜ ํšŒํ™”๋Š” ์กฐํ˜•์  ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์›€์˜ ํ‘œํ˜„๊ณผ๋Š” ์ƒ๊ด€์—†์ด ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ๊ทธ๋Š˜์„ ๋…ธ์ถœํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค. 

 

์–ด๋А ๋‚  ๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ ์‚ฐ์ด ๋ฐ˜ํ† ๋ง‰๋‚˜๊ณ , ์ฃผ๊ฑฐํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ด ๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ ๋ณ€ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ผ์ƒ์˜ ๊ท ํ˜•์ด ๊นจ์ ธ๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ์ผ์‘ค๋‹ค. ์ž๋ณธ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋“ค์ด ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๋ฒ„๋ ค์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์˜์•„ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ƒ์‹์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ์‚ฌ๊ฑด๋“ค์ด ๋นˆ๋ฒˆํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ์ž‘์—…์˜ ์ฃผ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ˆ์˜ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋กœ ํ™˜์‚ฐํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋ฒŒ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋น„์ธ๊ฐ„์  ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ๊ณผ์ž‰์ด ๋˜๋ฉด์„œ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ์„ธ์†ํ™” ์†๋ฌผํ™” ๊ณผ์ •์ด ์ง€๋‚˜์น˜๊ฒŒ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ณ  ๊ณผ์žฅ๋œ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ํ•ฉ์˜์ด๋ž€ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์ ˆ์ฐจ์  ํ…Œํฌ๋‹‰์— ๋จธ๋ฌธ๋‹ค. 

 

์ž‘๊ฐ€์˜ ์ž‘์—…์€ ์‚ถ์˜ ํ„ฐ์ „์œผ๋กœ์„œ ๋Œ€์ง€์™€ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ด ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๊นŠ์ด ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€๊น๊ฒŒ๋Š” ํ…ƒ๋ฐญ์ด๋‚˜ ํ™”์›์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ž‘๊ฐ€์˜ ์ง‘์—์„œ ๋ฒŒ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”์—์„œ ๋ฉ€๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ‰์ฐฝ์˜ฌ๋ฆผํ”ฝ์„ ์ค€๋น„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ฐ•์›๋„์—์„œ ๋ฒŒ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ˜„์žฅ๊นŒ์ง€, ์ž‘๊ฐ€๋Š” ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ‘๋•…’์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ผ๊นŒ๋ผ๋Š” ์ฃผ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ฏผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž‘๊ฐ€๋Š” 2016๋…„ <์ข์€ ๋ฐฉ ๋„“์€ ๋“ค> ์ „์‹œ์˜ ๊ณ„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ธ๊ฐ„์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์ข์€ ๋ฐฉ์ด๋ฉด ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ž๋ณธ์€ ๋„“์€ ํˆฌ์ž ๋Œ€์ƒ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„๊นŒ๋ผ๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ์—์„œ์˜€๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค. ์„ธ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๋˜ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์„ ๋ถ€์ˆ˜๊ณ  ์ •์›์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๊พธ๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์„ ๋ณด๋ฉฐ ์ง‘๊ณผ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด๋„ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๋ณ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ธ์ƒ์ ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹œ์˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ์™€ ๋‹ฟ์•˜๋˜ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ์–ธ์–ด๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์ž‘๊ฐ€์˜ ์ž‘์—…์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ž‘๊ฐ€ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ์—๊ฒŒ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ•„์š”ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ผ๋งˆ ์ „ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๊ถŒ๋ ฅ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ง„ํ–‰๋œ 4๋Œ€๊ฐ• ์‚ฌ์—…์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ๋…น์กฐํ˜„์ƒ์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด์„œ ์ฃฝ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ ค ์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฐ•์ด ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž‘๊ฐ€๋Š” 8cm์˜ ๋…น์กฐ๊ฐ€ ์Œ“์ธ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์„ ๊ณ„๊ธฐ๋กœ ์‹ค์ œ 4๋Œ€๊ฐ•์„ ๊ฐ€ ์ฑ„์ง‘ํ•œ ์˜ค๋ธŒ์ œ๋กœ ์ž‘์—…์„ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ์ž์˜ ์ž…์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘๋œ ๊ฐ‡ํžŒ ๊ฐ•์€ ์›๋ž˜์˜ ์ƒ‰์„ ์žƒ๊ณ  ๋…น์ƒ‰ ๋น›์„ ๋ค๋‹ค. ํŒŒํ—ค์ณ์ง€๊ณ  ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋˜๋Š” ๋Œ€์ง€. ํ•œ์ฐฝ ๊ณต์‚ฌ ์ค‘์ธ ํ‰์ฐฝ์˜ ํ•œ ํŽธ์— ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์•”๋ฒฝ์ด ๋ฉ‹์žˆ๊ฒŒ ์žˆ๊ณ  ํ˜ธํ…”์ด ์ง€์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด๋ฉฐ ์ข‹์€ ๋ทฐ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ์•”๋ฒฝ์ด ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ทธ ์ด์œ ๋กœ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋Œ€์ƒ์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹๊นŒ? 

 

์ฃผ๋ณ€์˜ ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋“ค์€ ํ—ˆ๋ฆฌ๋ ๋ฅผ ์ฐจ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜๋ชฉ์˜ ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋นจ๊ฐ„ ๋ ๋ฅผ, ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ์—†์–ด ์ž˜๋ ค๋‚˜๊ฐˆ ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋“ค์€ ๋…ธ๋ž€ ๋ ๋ฅผ. ๋‹จ์ ์ธ ์•ฝํƒˆ์  ํ† ๊ฑด ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ํ’๊ฒฝ์ด์ž ๋ชจ์ˆœ๊ณผ ๋ถˆํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์™€ ๋ถˆํŽธํ•จ๊ณผ ์งœ์ฆ์ด ๋’ค์„ž์ธ ํ’๊ฒฝ์ด๋‹ค. ์ž๋ณธ์˜ ๊ฐœ์ž…์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ด ๊ณง ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ๋‚ด๋ฉด์ด๊ณ  ํ’๊ฒฝ์ด๋‹ค. ํฌํฌ๋ ˆ์ธ์œผ๋กœ ํŒŒํ—ค์ณ์ง„ ํ‘ธ๋ฅธ ์‚ฐ. ์˜…์€ ์‹ค๋ฃจ์—ฃ์œผ๋กœ๋งŒ ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€์ง€๋“ค. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์„ ์•ž๋‘” ์–ด๋–ค ๊ตญ๋ฉด์€ ์šฐ์šธํ•˜๋‹ค. ์ด์ƒ์  ์ž์—ฐ์€ ๋” ์ด์ƒ ์กด์žฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์™€ ๊ตญ๋ฏผ์˜ ์ด๋…์ด ์ž๋ณธ์ฃผ์™€ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•ด ํŽผ์ณ์ง€๋Š” ๋™์‹๋ฌผ์˜ ์•ฝํƒˆ์€ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์ž์—ฐ๋ฒ•์น™์ด ๋œ ๋“ฏํ•˜๋‹ค. ๊ฐ•์€ ๊ฐ‡ํžˆ๊ณ , ๋Œ€์ง€๋Š” ์ด๋ฆ„๋„ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋„ ์•„๋ฌด ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์—†๋‹ค. ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€ํ”ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ž๋ณธ์˜ ์ œ๊ตญ์ฃผ์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์‚ฐ๋‹ค. 

 

์ž‘๊ฐ€๋Š” ์šฐ์—ฐํžˆ ๋ณธ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์˜ ํ˜„์žฅ ๋˜๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์„ ์ ‘ํ•˜๋ฉด  ์ฐฌ์ฐฌํžˆ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๊ทธ ๊ณผ์ •์˜ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ์ž‘์—…์œผ๋กœ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•œ๋‹ค. ํ† ๊ฑด์‚ฌํšŒ์ด์ž ๋ถ€๋™์‚ฐ์‚ฌํšŒ์—์„œ ๋•…๊ณผ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์€ ์‚ถ ๊ทธ ์ž์ฒด์™€ ๋™์ผ์‹œ ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ž๋ณธ์˜ ์š•๋ง์ด ๋‚ด๋ฉดํ™”๋œ ๊ณ ๋„ ์ž๋ณธ์ฃผ์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ์—์„œ๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ–ˆ๋А๋ƒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€๋Š” ์•Š๋‹ค. ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜ ํƒ„์ƒ๊ณผ ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด ์‹œ์ž‘๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ผ์ •ํ•œ ๊ทœ๋ชจ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์ง‘๋‹จ์ด ํ˜•์„ฑ๋˜๋ฉด์„œ ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ ๋งํ•˜์ž๋ฉด ์ธ๋ฅ˜์˜ ์‹œ์ž‘๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์†Œ์œ ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ณ€ํ•จ์—†๋Š” ์ธ๋ฅ˜์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ฃผ์ œ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. 

 

์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€์„œ์‚ฌ ์•ž์—์„œ ํ•œ ์ž‘๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ์ด๋ž€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€? ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜ ๊ธฐ์›์ด ๋ณธ์งˆ์ ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด ๋ˆˆ ์•ž ํ˜„์‹ค์˜ ํ˜„์ƒ๋“ค์˜ ๊ทธ ํšจ๊ณผ๋‚˜ ์ง•ํ›„์— ๋ถˆ๊ณผ ํ•˜๋‹ค. ์‰ฌ์šด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ๊ทธ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋“ฑ์„ ๋Œ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ž‘๊ฐ€์˜ ์ง€๋‚œ ์‹œ๊ธฐ ์ž‘์—…๊ณผ์ •์€ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋“ฑ์„ ๋Œ๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์–ด๋–ค ๊นŠ์€ ์• ์ •, ์ผ์ข…์˜ ์ดํƒ€์  ์ธ๋ฅ˜์• ๋ฅผ ๋А๋ผ๊ฒŒ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ง์—…์ธ์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ์ž‘๊ฐ€์˜ ๋ˆˆ์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฐ€์น˜์™€ ๋น„์ „์„ ๋ชจ์ƒ‰ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ž‘๊ฐ€์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์€ ์ผ์ƒ์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋ฐ–์— ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์‹œ๊ณ„์˜ ์™ธ๋ถ€์— ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์‹œ๊ฐ„, ๋˜๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ฐจ์›์„ ํƒ์ƒ‰ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ž‘๊ฐ€๋ž€ ์ž‘๊ฐ€์˜ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ ์ œ๋ชฉ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๊ณ„ํš์˜ ๋ฐ–์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์กด์žฌ๋‹ค.

 

๊ณตํ†ต์˜ ํ•ฉ์˜๋ฅผ ๋„์ถœํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ์™€ ์ž‘๊ฐ€ ๊ฐœ์ธ์œผ๋กœ์„œ ์‚ฌ์  ๊ฒฝํ—˜๊ณผ ์‹ฌ๋ฏธ์  ๋‰˜์•™์Šค๋Š” ๊ณต๋ก ํ™”๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ ์ž‘๊ฐ€ ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ๋‹ด๋ก ์€ ์–ด๋””๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋Š”๊ฐ€? ๋ฐ•ํ˜•์ง„ ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ๋งˆ์Œ์†์— ์–ด๋–ค ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฐ€? ํ˜„๋Œ€๋ฏธ์ˆ ์ด ์‚ฌํšŒ๋น„ํ‰๊ณผ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๊ธฐ ์ด์ „๊ณผ ์ดํ›„์˜ ํ’๊ฒฝ์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅด๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ์  ์„ธ๊ณ„๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์ž‘๊ฐ€์˜ ์‚ถ๊ณผ ๊ณต์  ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ์ธ์œผ๋กœ์˜ ์‚ถ์ด ๊ฒน์ณ์ ธ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ถ์˜ ํ˜„์žฅ๊ณผ ํ˜„์‹ค์˜ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์„ ์ ‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ด์ „๊ณผ ์ดํ›„์˜ ์žฌํ˜„์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๋‹ค. ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๋น„ํ‰์€ ํ‰์ดํ•œ ์–ธ์–ด๋กœ ์†Œํ†ต๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•œํŽธ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๋ฏธ์  ํ•ด์„๊ณผ ํ‘œํ˜„์˜ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ๊ฑฐ์นœ ์ž‘์—…์€ ํ‰์ดํ•จ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ํŠน์ด์„ฑ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฌ˜ํ•œ ๋งค๋ ฅ์„ ์ง€๋‹ˆ๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ์‹ค์ œ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์˜ ์žฅ์†Œ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•„๊ฐ€๊ณ  ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ธฐ๋กํ•˜๊ณ  ์‚ฌ์œ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฐ•ํ˜•์ง„์˜ ์ž‘์—…์—์„œ ํ˜„๋Œ€๋ฏธ์ˆ ์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ ๋น„ํ‰์  ๋งฅ๋ฝ๊ณผ ์—‘ํ‹ฐ๋น„์ŠคํŠธ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ๋ฉด๋ชจ๋ฅผ ๋А๋ผ๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋ฏธํ•™์  ์‹ค์ฒœ๊ณผ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์‹ค์ฒœ์ด ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๋œ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ์ž‘์—…๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋ฉฐ ๋…ํŠนํ•œ ํšŒํ™”์™€ ๋“œ๋กœ์ž‰, ์„ค์น˜๊ฐ€ ์ œ์‹œ๋œ๋‹ค. 

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Grass Not in the Plan

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                                                                                                                    Kim Noam

                                                                                                      Exhibition manager

                                                                                                 Director, Artspace Hue

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Half of the place named the ‘Square of Unity’ is an empty lot. There is a square where you cannot know whether it is under construction or under demolition due to deterioration. Is it a plaza at all? The artificial-shaped fence for the construction site surrounds the ground overgrown with grass and trees. The painting entitled Occupied Land has one side surrounded by a brick wall and the other side by an iron fence. Blue Water depicts clear water that reflects the blue sky, refreshing the viewer with the crisp air. However, the water is in fact in the puddle left in the vacant place before the construction, so it would be dried soon or should be discarded when construction starts. It is only possible to enjoy the undefiled nature only in such a way. A state with no name, no sound. Finally, mankind seems to be destined to be filled with dingy emptiness [void] and thrown into a prison-like ‘vacant land’ in which he is imprisoned. 

 

There are clear-cut boundaries between this place and that, inside and outside, mine and not mine. The images of boundaries measured by engineering technology are familiar to us. Don’t we know that the imperialists from the modern West perpetrated violence by dividing the borders of African and Asian regions in order to colonize them, disregarding the uniqueness of the lives of the people there or the ecological peculiarities in order to colonize them? It is our story too. Isn’t it true that the suffering and adversities of Korea in the early and mid-twentieth century have also stemmed from the arbitrary division of the territory by violence in the interests of others? The metaphor for the violence of desire is the metaphor of the grid. Using the grids of graph paper, the artist represents these abrupt changes in this world. The grids in graph paper shows well the numerical world devoid of values converging on one numerical value. The world of the grid, which can be numerically measured numerically and consistently formed into mechanical shapes, seems to be a metaphor of the reality in which they try to fit the world into a single ideology or standard. The standard named the desire of capital. Human life is divided and standardized in the world composed of grids. Far from an expression of the formal beauty, Park Hyungjin’s painting is used as a means to expose the shade of society. 

 

It is not unusual to witness one day half of the mountain disappears, the residential area suddenly changes, and the balance of everyday life is broken all of a sudden. I wondered how the basic conditions of human beings are abandoned by the power of capital so easily. As incidents that cannot be understood by common sense occur frequently, they have naturally become the subject of work. Things that take place as you convert everything into value for money. As the inhuman situation becomes too much, the process of secularization and materialization of our society becomes too fast and exaggerated. Social consensus remains just a procedural technique. 

 

Park’s work is deeply involved with the change of land and residential environment as the foundation of life. The artist has been pondering over what the meaning of ‘land’ for us today is, from the changing environment in the home of the artist to make a kitchen garden or flower bed, to the site of development in Gangwon-do to prepare for the Pyeongchang Olympics. Park Hyungjin says that the motivation behind the exhibition The Small Room, A Wide Land in 2016 was the thought that a small room is enough for a human being, but capital requires a great investment target. Looking at the process of demolishing the building that used to be rented out to tenant and turning it into a garden, he was impressed by the change in the environment of the house and the space taking place so easily. The work of expressing in appropriate language what made a deep impression at that time on him was necessary because it was important for the artist to explain it to himself. Looking at the toxic algal blooms that occurred in the wake of the Four-River Project, which was recently conducted by the government, he also thought that the rivers had died and nobody could do anything in there. Upon the news about the 8cm-thick algal bloom, he actually went to the four rivers and collected materials from there for his work. The rivers, which stopped flowing naturally because of the desire of the man in power, have lost their original color and have turned greenish. The land that is digged up for development. In one corner of Pyeongchang where construction work is in full swing, a huge and gorgeous rockface stands and a hotel is being built. Is it not that the place was chosen for development because it has a nice rockface to create a good view? 

 

The surrounding trees are wearing belts. The trees that have value for human use wear red bands, and the trees due to be cut down because they have no economic value wear yellow bands. This is a landscape of the predatory society geared to engineering and construction as well as a landscape mixed with contradictions, absurdities, inconveniences and irritations. The changing environment through the intervention of capital reflects the innner landscape. The blue mountain digged open by excavators. Grounds that exist only in light silhouettes. Some aspects we see just before the last gasp are depressing. Ideal nature will no longer be there. The plundering of flora and fauna, which is perpetrated by the ideology of the nation and the people combined with capitalism, seems to have become a natural law now. The river is blocked, and the earth has no name, no sound. Today, we have no choice but to live in an imperialist world of capitalism.  

 

When the artist happen to come across the scenes of incidents or social events, he probes into them carefully and makes use of the experience for his work. In the kingdom of civil engineering and real estate, land and buildings are identified with life itself. This is not only the case in the society of high capitalism in which the desire of capital is internalized. It has begun with the birth of the nation. This phenomenon began with the formation of the social group over a certain scale. Hence, the problem of ownership that started with the beginning of mankind is still the most important issue for mankind. 

 

What can an artist do in front of such a grand narrative? If the origin of the problem is inherent in human nature, the phenomena that take place before our eyes are merely their effects or manifestations. The easy way is to turn away from the problem. However, the previous work of the artist still does not ignore the social issues but has some deep affection and a kind of altruistic love for humanity. The artist’s eyes are not merely professional but seek different values and visions. The artist’s time is out of the ordinary time. Outside the clock time, the writer’s gaze explores another kind of time, or a new dimension of time. An artist is someone who is not in the plan, like the title of his work. 

 

When there are problems whose solutions cannot be reached by a common consensus and the personal experiences and aesthetic nuances of the artist as an individual are not made public, what would happen to the artist’s discourse? What change do we see in Park Hyungjin’s mind? The encounter of modern art with social criticism made a difference. The life of an artist as a private world and his life as a social member of the public world are overlapping. The representations before and after encountering the scenes of life and reality are different. Social criticism should be communicated in plain language. On the other hand, work through the process of aesthetic interpretation and expression has a peculiarity or a strange charm that defies explanation in terms of plainness only. As we see Park Hyungjin visiting in person the scenes of incidents and observing, recording, and contemplating them, we get a glimpse of the context of social criticism of contemporary art and the aspect of social activist in his work. The work process shows a combination of aesthetic practice and social practice, presenting distinctive paintings, drawings, and installations. 

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๋ฐ”๋ฆฌ์ผ€์ดํŠธ์™€ ์žก์ดˆ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋…น์กฐ์˜ ์‹œ๋Œ€  

 

                                                                                            ์‹ฌ์†Œ๋ฏธ (๋…๋ฆฝํ๋ ˆ์ดํ„ฐ)2017 

 

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๋ฐ”๋ฆฌ์ผ€์ดํŠธ ๋„ˆ๋จธ์˜ ํ’๊ฒฝ 

 

ํ’€์ด ๋ฌด์„ฑํ•œ ํ’๊ฒฝ ํ•œ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ๋กœ ์ปค๋‹ค๋ž€ ๋ฌผ์›…๋ฉ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌด์„ฑํ•œ ์žก์ดˆ๋“ค ๋งˆ๋ƒฅ ๊ณ ์ธ ๋ฌผ์˜ ์ƒ‰๋„ ํ‘ธ๋ฅด๋‚˜, ๋ถˆํˆฌ๋ช…ํ•œ ๋ฌผ์€ ๋„๋ฌด์ง€ ๋‚ด๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ด์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜์ƒํ•œ ํ‘ธ๋ฅธ ๋ฌผ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ฌผ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์œผ๋กœ ํผ์ ธ๋‚˜๊ฐ„ ์žก์ดˆ๋Š” ์‚์ฃฝ์‚์ฃฝํ•œ ๋ชจ์Šต์œผ๋กœ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ๋ฉ”์šด๋‹ค. ์„ธํ•„๋กœ ๊ทธ๋ ค์ง„ ์–‡์€ ์žก์ดˆ๋“ค ๋’ค๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ž€ ๋ฒฝ ํ•˜๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ์Šฌ๋ฉฐ์‹œ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚œ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ”๋ฆฌ์ผ€์ดํŠธ๋‹ค. “์ € ๋„ˆ๋จธ์— ๋ฌด์—‡์ด ์žˆ์„๊นŒ?” ์ž‘๊ฐ€๋Š” ์ฐฝ๋ฌธ ๋ฐ–์„ ๋ณด๋‹ค๊ฐ€, ๊ธธ์„ ๊ฑท๋‹ค๊ฐ€, ๋‰ด์Šค๋‚˜ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋‹ค๊ฐ€๋„ ์ˆ˜์—†์ด ์ด ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๋งˆ์ฃผํ–ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ตœ๊ทผ ์ž‘์—…ํ•œ ‘ํ‘ธ๋ฅธ ๋ฌผ’(2016)์€ ์ŠคํŠœ๋””์˜ค์˜ ์ฐฝ๋ฐ–์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋ฒฝ ๋’ค๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋ ค์ง„ ํ’๊ฒฝ์„ ์ถ”์ ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ํ–‰์ธ์˜ ์‹œ์„ ์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฆฐ ๋ฐ”๋ฆฌ์ผ€์ดํŠธ ๋„ˆ๋จธ์˜ ํ’๊ฒฝ์€, ์•ž์„œ ๋ฌ˜์‚ฌํ•˜๋“ฏ ์žก์ดˆ๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋“ํ•œ ๋ชจ์Šต์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ•œ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ ํƒํ•œ ํ‘ธ๋ฅธ์ƒ‰์˜ ์›…๋ฉ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋น„๋ฐ€์Šค๋ ˆ ์ž๋ฆฌ ์žก์€ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ˆ˜์ƒ์Šค๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ฒฝ ์•ž์œผ๋กœ ํŠ€์–ด๋‚˜์˜จ ๋ฌผ ํ˜ธ์Šค๋Š” ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€ ์ด๊ณณ์— ์œ ์ž…๋˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋น ์ ธ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๋„Œ์ง€์‹œ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€๋ ค์ง„ ์žฅ๋ง‰ ๋’ค๋กœ ์žก์ดˆ์™€ ํƒํ•œ ๋ฌผ์ด ์ •์ฒด๋ฅผ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์ด ์Œ“์—ฌ๊ฐ„๋‹ค. ํ์ˆ˜์™€ ์žก์ดˆ๊ฐ€ ์„œ๋กœ ๊ธฐ์ดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ณต์กดํ•˜๋Š” ์ด ํ’๊ฒฝ์€, 2015๋…„์˜ ํ•œ ์ž‘์—…์œผ๋กœ ๊ฑฐ์Šฌ๋Ÿฌ ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ„๋‹ค. 

 

์ •๋ฉด์— ๊ฒฌ๊ณ ํ•œ ๋‹ด์žฅ์„ ๋‘๊ณ , ๊ทธ ๋’ค๋กœ ์ปค๋‹ค๋ž€ ๋•…๋ฉ์–ด๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํŽผ์ณ์ง„๋‹ค. ๋Œ€์ง€์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ธฐํ•˜ํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ž˜๋ผ์ง„ ์ด ๊ณตํ„ฐ ์•ˆ์œผ๋กœ ์žก์ดˆ๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋“ํ•˜๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์ด ์—†๋‹ค. ๊ฑด๋ฌผํ„ฐ์˜ ์ž์ทจ์™€ ๋•… ์ค‘๊ฐ„์— ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ง„ ๊ธธ์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต๋งŒ์ด ์˜› ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ์˜ ํ”์ ์„ ๋‚ด๋น„์นœ๋‹ค. ์ด ์ž‘์—…์€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋Œ€์‚ฌ๊ด€์˜ ์ˆ™์†Œ์˜€๋‹ค๊ฐ€, ํ˜„์žฌ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์น˜๋œ ๊ณตํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๊ทธ๋ฆฐ ‘์ฃผ์ธ์žˆ๋Š” ๋•…_์†กํ˜„๋™48-1’(2015)์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๊ณณ์€ ์•ˆ๊ตญ์—ญ ๋ถ€๊ทผ ํฐ ๋Œ€๋กœ๋ณ€์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Œ๋‹ด์žฅ, ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋ฐ”๋ฆฌ์ผ€์ดํŠธ ๋„ˆ๋จธ์˜ ํ’๊ฒฝ์ด๋‹ค. ๋‹ด์žฅ์— ๊ฐ€๋ ค์ง„ ๋นˆ ๋•…์„ ‘ํ‘ธ๋ฅธ ๋ฌผ’์—์„œ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์žก์ดˆ๊ฐ€ ์žฅ์•…ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋†’์€ ๋‹ด์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ž ์ž…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค ๋Œ€์‹  ์žก์ดˆ๋“ค์ด ํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์žก์•˜๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์•ผ์ƒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ ์œ ํ•œ ๋ชจ์Šต์ด๋‹ค. ์™ธ๋ถ€๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํ†ต์ œ๋œ ๊ณตํ„ฐ์— ์ž์—ฐ์ด ์นจ์ž…ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ฐฉ์น˜๋œ ์ž๋ณธ์˜ ์˜์—ญ์„ ์ ์œ ํ•œ ์žก์ดˆ๋“ค์˜ ์ƒ๋ช…๋ ฅ์ด ๋ˆ์งˆ๊ธฐ๊ณ  ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๋‹ค. ์ž๋ณธ์˜ ๋ชจ์ˆœ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋นˆ ์žฅ์†Œ, ๋„์‹ฌ ํ•œ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ์„œ ์žฅ์†Œ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ์ƒ์‹คํ•œ ๋น„์žฅ์†Œ(non-place)์— ์•ผ์ƒ์˜ ์žก์ดˆ๋“ค์ด ๋ฒ”๋žŒํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋„์‹œ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ถ”๋ฐฉ๋œ ์ž์—ฐ, ์ฆ‰ ์žก์ดˆ๋Š” ์•ผ์ƒ์˜ ์ƒ๋ช…๋ ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ž๋ณธ์˜ ํ‹ˆ์ƒˆ๋ฅผ ์ ์œ ํ•œ๋‹ค. 

 

๋•…์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ๋•… 

 

๋•…์€ ๋” ์ด์ƒ ์˜›๋‚ ์˜ ์ž์—ฐ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ธ๊ฐ„์€ ์—ญ์‚ฌ ์†์—์„œ ์ž์—ฐ์„ ๋Š์ž„์—†์ด ์ง€๋ฐฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์ ์œ ํ•ด ์™”๋‹ค. ๋นผ๊ณกํ•œ ๋„์‹ฌ ์† ๋‹ด์žฅ ๋„ˆ๋จธ์˜ ๊ณตํ„ฐ๋Š” ๊ฑด๋ฌผ๋ณด๋‹ค๋„ ์ž๋ณธ๊ฐ€, ๋•…์ฃผ์ธ, ์ž๋ณธ์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๋” ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ง€์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ฐฉ์น˜๋œ ๋นˆ ๋•…์˜ ํ‹ˆ์ƒˆ๋ฅผ ๋น„์ง‘๊ณ  ๋“ค์–ด์„  ๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ํ’๊ฒฝ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ ์‹ฌํžˆ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•ด ์˜จ ๋ฐ•ํ˜•์ง„์˜ ์ž‘์—…์—์„œ๋Š” ์ž๋ณธ์˜ ํ†ต์ œ์™€ ์ž์—ฐ์˜ ์•ผ์ƒ์„ฑ์ด ํŒฝ๋ฐฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์„œ๋กœ ๋งž์„ ๋‹ค. ์„ธ๋ฐ€ํ•œ ํ•„์น˜๋กœ ๊ทธ๋ ค์ง„ ์žก์ดˆ๋“ค์˜ ๋ฌด์„ฑํ•จ์€ ๋ฐ˜์ž๋ณธ, ๋ฐ˜ํ†ต์ œ, ๋ฐ˜๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๋“ฑ ์ž๋ณธ์— ๋งž์„œ๋Š” ์ž์—ฐ์˜ ํž˜์ด๋‹ค. ๋„์‹œ์˜ ๋นˆ ์žฅ์†Œ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๊ตฌ์ถ•๋œ ์ž์—ฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ž‘๊ฐ€์˜ ์‹œ์„ ์€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ๋“ค์—์„œ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚œ๋‹ค. ์‚ฐ์˜ ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋“ค์„ ๋ฐ€์–ด๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žฅ๋ฌ˜๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•œ ‘์ข์€๋ฐฉ ๋„“์€๋“ค’(2016)์€ ์ฒ ์ €ํžˆ ์ž๋ณธํ™”๋œ ์žฅ๋ฌ˜์™€ ์ด๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํŒŒํ•ด ์ณ์ง„ ์ž์—ฐ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ด ๋‹ด๊ธด๋‹ค. ๋นผ๊ณกํ•œ ์‚ฐ์€ ์žฅ๋ฌ˜์‚ฐ์—…์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋„“์€ ๋“ค์ด๋ฉฐ, ์ด๊ณณ์—๋Š” ์ฃผ๊ฒ€์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ข์€ ๋ฐฉ๋“ค์ด ์ค„์ค„์ด ๋ฐฐ์น˜๋œ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋Š” ์ž์—ฐ์ด ๋ฐ”๋ฆฌ์ผ€์ดํŠธ์˜ ๋„๊ตฌ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค. ์‚ฐ ์†์˜ ์žฅ๋ฌ˜๋Š” ์ง€๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ์ขŒํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ์žฅ์†Œ๋กœ, ๋„์‹œ ๋ฐ–์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ€๋ ค๋‚œ ์‹œ์ฒด๋“ค์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ—คํ…Œ๋กœํ† ํ”ผ์•„์ด๋‹ค. ์ž๋ณธ์€ ์•„๋ฌด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚Œ ์—†์ด ์ž์—ฐ์„ ํŒŒํ•ด์ง€๋ฉฐ ์ธ๊ฐ„์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ, ์ด๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ์ž๋ณธ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ๋Š์ž„์—†์ด ์žฌ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋ฌด๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋“ํ•œ ์ˆฒ์„ ๋„๋ ค๋‚ธ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์š•๋ง์€ ์ž์—ฐ์„ ๋ฐ”๋ฆฌ์ผ€์ดํŠธ๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ, ๋น„๋ฐ€์Šค๋Ÿฐ ์ž๋ณธ์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ์ด๊ณณ์—์„œ ์‹คํ˜„ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์–‡์€ ์„ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋ณ๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๋ ค์ง„ ์žฅ๋ฌ˜๋Š” ์ง„ํ–‰ ์ค‘์ธ ์š•๋ง์˜ ํ•„์น˜๋ฅผ ์•”์‹œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ์Šค์œฝ์Šค์œฝ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต๋œ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ์ ์œ ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ž๋ณธ์„ ์ฆ์‹์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ถˆ์˜จํ•œ ์š•๋ง์ด ๋‹ด๊ธด๋‹ค. 

 

8cm ๋…น์กฐ ์ธต์˜ ๋‘๊ป˜  

 

์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์š•๋ง์€ ์ง€ํ˜• ๊ณณ๊ณณ์„ ์ „์œ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๋„์‹œ, ์‚ฐ, ๊ฐ• ๋”ฐ์งˆ ๊ฒƒ ์—†์ด ์ „์ฒด์ ์ธ ์ƒํƒœ๊ถŒ์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ์ƒˆ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ•ํ˜•์ง„์ด ์ตœ๊ทผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ‘๋…น์กฐ ๋“œ๋กœ์ž‰_๊ฐ•์€ ๋‹ค์‹œ ํ˜๋Ÿฌ์•ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค’(2016)๋Š” ๋•…์— ์–ฝํžŒ ์ž๋ณธ์˜ ๋ชจ์ˆœ๊ณผ ์š•๋ง์˜ ํํ—ˆ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ•์œผ๋กœ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„๋กœ ํ™•์žฅ์‹œํ‚จ ์ž‘์—…์ด๋‹ค. ์ŠคํŠœ๋””์˜ค์˜ ํ•œ ๋ฒฝ์— ๊ฑธ๋ฆฐ ์ˆ˜์‹ญ์—ฌ ์žฅ์˜ ๋“œ๋กœ์ž‰์—๋Š” 4๋Œ€๊ฐ• ์‚ฌ์—…์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์˜ค์—ผ๋œ ๊ฐ•์˜ ๋…น์กฐ๊ฐ€ ‘์ง„ํ–‰ ์ค‘’์ธ ํ’๊ฒฝ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ด๊ธด๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ์˜ ๋…น์ƒ‰์€ ์ž์—ฐ์˜ ์ดˆ๋ก์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ํญ๋ ฅ์  ๋‚œ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ํŒŒ๊ดด๋œ ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„์— ๋“ฑ์žฅํ•œ ํ˜ผํƒํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ธฐ๊ดดํ•œ ๋…น์ƒ‰์ด๋‹ค. ์ž‘๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋…น์กฐ๋กœ ๋ชธ์‚ด์„ ์•“๋Š” ๊ฐ•์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•ด ๊ฐ•๋ฌผ์„ ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ ๋ฌผ๋ณ‘์— ์ˆ˜์ง‘ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ•์˜ ์ง€ํ˜•๋„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•ด ์˜ค๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ ๋ณ‘์— ์‘์ถ•๋œ ๋…น์ƒ‰์˜ ๋ฉ์–ด๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ค์—ผ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ์„ฑ๋œ ์ด๋ฌผ์งˆ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ฐ•๋ฌผ์„ ์žฅ์•…ํ•œ ๋‘”ํƒํ•œ ๋…น์กฐ ์ธต์€ ์ˆ˜์‹ญ์—ฌ ์žฅ์˜ ๋“œ๋กœ์ž‰์—์„œ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์žฅ๋ฉด์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด ์ž‘์—…์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ํ™”๋œ ์ดˆ๋ก์ด๋ผ๋Š” ํ™˜๊ฒฝ, ์ž์—ฐ์˜ ์ „ํ†ต์  ๊ด€๋…์„ ํ—ˆ๋ฌผ์–ดํŠธ๋ฆฐ๋‹ค. ‘๋…น์กฐ๋“œ๋กœ์ž‰’์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์ž‘๊ฐ€์˜ ‘๋…น์กฐ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ’๋Š” ๋™์‹œ๋Œ€์˜ ํ’๊ฒฝ์„ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ๋กœ ์ ‘๊ทผํ•˜๋Š” ‘ํšŒํ™” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ’์ด์ž ‘์‹œ๋Œ€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ’์ด๋‹ค. ์•„ํฌ๋ฆด๋ฐ•์Šค์— 8cm ๋†’์ด๋กœ ์Œ“์ธ ๋“œ๋กœ์ž‰์€ ์ž‘๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ์—์„œ ์ ‘ํ•œ 8cm์˜ ๋…น์กฐ ์ธต์„ ์€์œ ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ, ์ž์—ฐ์— ๋ˆ„์ ๋œ ์š•๋ง์˜ ๊ธฐํ˜•์  ํ˜„์ƒ์„ ๋Œ€๋ณ€ํ•œ๋‹ค. ํŒŒ๊ดด๋œ ๊ฐ•๋ฌผ์— ๋ˆ„์ ๋œ ์ด๋ฌผ์งˆ์˜ ๋‘๊ป˜๋งˆ๋ƒฅ ์–‡์€ ํŠธ๋ ˆํŒ”์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ˆˆ์ข…์ด์— ๊ทธ๋ ค์ง„ ๋…น์กฐ ๋“œ๋กœ์ž‰๋“ค์ด ํ•œ์žฅ ํ•œ์žฅ ์Œ“์—ฌ 8cm๋ฅผ ์ด๋ฃฌ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ์™€ ์ƒ๋ช…์ฒด๋ฅผ ์ฃฝ์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚ด๋ชฐ์€ ์ฃฝ์Œ์˜ ๋‘๊ป˜์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋ˆ„์ ๋œ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์š•๋ง์€ ์‹ค์ œ์˜ ์ž์—ฐ์„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ถ•์ถœ์‹œํ‚ค๋ฉฐ, ์ ์ฐจ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ๊ดด๋ฌผํ™”์‹œ์ผœ ๋‚˜๊ฐ„๋‹ค. ๊ฐ•์€ ์‚ฐ๋ณด๋‹ค๋„ ๋”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ์ฃผ๊ฒ€์กฐ์ฐจ ๋จธ๋ฌด๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฐ•์—๋Š”, ๋…น์กฐ์˜ ๋‘๊ป˜๋งŒ์ด ๊ฐ•์„ ์ ์œ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ดˆ๋ก์˜ ์ž์—ฐ์„ ๋ณ€์ด์‹œ์ผœ ๋‚˜๊ฐ„๋‹ค. 

 

๊ธฐํ˜•์˜ ์‹œ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ์„ฑ์ฐฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ

 

ํ˜„๋Œ€์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฐ€ ์ž์—ฐ์„ ์ ์œ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •๊ณผ ์š•๋ง ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๋ชจ์ˆœ, ๋ถ€์กฐ๋ฆฌ, ๋ถˆํ˜‘ํ™”์Œ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์‚ถ ๊ณณ๊ณณ์—์„œ ์žํ–‰๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ์ƒ์  ํ’๊ฒฝ์ด๋‹ค. ์ž‘๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋„์‹œ ์•ˆ์—์„œ๋„ ์ž๋ณธ์˜ ๋…ผ๋ฆฌ์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋ณ€ํ˜•๋œ ์žฅ์†Œ์™€ ๊ธฐํ˜•์  ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ์ฃผ์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค. ์‹ ๋ฌธ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋กœ ๋ณด๋„๋œ ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ํ•œ ์•„ํŒŒํŠธ ๋‹จ์ง€ ์‚ฌ์ด ‘ํ™”ํ•ฉ์˜ ๊ด‘์žฅ’(2016)์„ ๊ทธ๋ฆฐ ์ž‘์—…์€ ๊ทธ ๋ถ€์กฐ๋ฆฌํ•จ์˜ ์‹ค์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ์ฃผ๋ฏผ ๊ฐ„ ํ™”ํ•ฉ์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋งˆ๋ จ๋œ ๋ณ„๋ชจ์–‘์˜ ๊ด‘์žฅ์€ ์•„ํŒŒํŠธ ๋ถ„์–‘๊ฐ€ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ํ˜„์žฌ ๋‘ ๋™๊ฐ•์ด ๋‚œ ์ƒํƒœ์ด๋‹ค. ์ž‘๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋ฆฐ ๊ด‘์žฅ์˜ ํŒจํ„ด์€ ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜๋งŒ์ด ๋ฌด์ˆ˜ํžˆ ์ž‘์€ ์•Œ๊ฐฑ์ด๋กœ ๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ์„ ๋ฉ”์›Œ์ง„๋‹ค. ๋นผ๊ณกํ•œ ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜์˜ ํŒจํ„ด๊ณผ ๋น„์–ด์ง„ ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜์˜ ํŒจํ„ด์€ ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ, ์ฃผ๋ฏผ๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์ด์ต๋ถ„์Ÿ์„ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ์ž‘์—…์˜ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ž‘๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ˆˆ์ข…์ด์— ์„ ์„ ๊ธ‹๋“ฏ ์กฐ๋ฐ€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋“œ๋กœ์ž‰ ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ๊ณ ์ˆ˜ํ•ด์˜ค๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. “์ž‘์€ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ๋ชจ์—ฌ ์‘์ง‘๋˜๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์„๊นŒ?” ๊ทธ์˜ ๊ฐ•๋ฐ•์ ์ด๊ณ  ๋ฐ˜๋ณต์ ์ธ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ๋ฐฉ์‹์€ ์ž๊ธฐ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์ ์ธ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ๋‚˜ ๋ฏธ์  ํƒœ๋„์—์„œ ํ•œ๋ฐœ ๋” ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€ ์ •์น˜์ ์ธ ํƒœ๋„์™€ ๋งž๋‹ฟ๋Š”๋‹ค. ๋ฌด์ˆ˜ํ•œ ์ž‘์€ ์žก์ดˆ๋“ค, ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜์ด ๋‚œ ๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ์˜ ํŒจ๊ณกํ•œ ํŒจํ„ด, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฐ•๋ฌผ์„ ๋ฎ์€ ๋…น์กฐ๋“ค์˜ ๋นผ๊ณกํ•จ์ด ๋ฐœ์–ธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ž๋ณธ๊ณผ ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ์— ์ €ํ•ญํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฏผ์ดˆ๋“ค์˜ ์งˆ๊ธด ์ƒ๋ช…๋ ฅ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด์™€ ๊ด€๊ณ„ํ•ด ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์ž‘์—… ‘ํ˜„์ˆ˜๋ง‰ ๋‹คํˆผ๊ณผ ๋น„๋‘˜๊ธฐ ์•„์ €์”จ’(2016)๋Š” ๋‹ค์†Œ ์˜๋ฏธ์‹ฌ์žฅํ•˜๋‹ค. ์ž…์†์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ปฅํŠ€๊ธฐ ๊ณผ์ž๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๋ฟœ์€ ํ•œ ๋‚จ์„ฑ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ชฐ๋ ค๋“  ๋น„๋‘˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋Š” ์™„์ „ํžˆ ํ†ต์ œ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ์ธ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ์ž์—ฐ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์ƒ์ƒ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ํฉ๋ฟŒ๋ ค์ง„ ๊ณผ์ž ํŒŒํŽธ๋“ค์€ ๋ณ€์งˆ๋œ ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ํ–ฅํ•ด ๋‚ด๋ฑ‰์€ ํ•œ ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ๊ด‘๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์—ฐ์ƒ์‹œํ‚จ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ•ํ˜•์ง„์˜ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ด๋ ‡๋“ฏ ์ธ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ์˜ ๋ถ€์กฐ๋ฆฌ์™€ ๋ชจ์ˆœ, ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•จ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์–ธํ•ด์•ผํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์งˆํ™”๋œ ์˜์—ญ์ด ๋‹ด๊ธด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ์˜ ํ’๊ฒฝํ™”๊ฐ€ ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ ์˜ ‘์‹œ๋Œ€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ’์ธ ์ด์œ ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐํ˜•์˜ ์‹œ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ์„ฑ์ฐฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ, ์ž‘๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด๋ฟœ์„ ๋‹ค์Œ์˜ ํ’๊ฒฝ๋“ค์„ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ณธ๋‹ค. 

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The Era of Barricades, Weeds, and Green Algae Blooms

 

 

                                                                                                                     Somi Sim

                                                                                                   Independent Curator 

 

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The landscape beyond the barricade 

 

An extensive puddle lies in the middle of a grassy landscape. The color of stagnant water is as green as that of overgrown weeds. The opaque water does not unveil its contents —it is strange blue water. The weeds spreading throughout it jaggedly fill the space. Visible behind these thin weeds painted with slender brushstrokes is a long wall — that of a barricade. "What can we see over there?" Artist Park Hyung-jin must have raised such a question as he looked out a window, walked down a street, or read a news article. Blue Water(2016), one of his latest works, displays his pursuit of the landscape seen from his studio window. The landscape across the barricade is a scene packed with weeds. Strangely enough, a murky blue puddle is seated at the center. A water hose from a wall insinuates something coming in and out. Weeds and thick water lay beyond the barricade. This landscape, in which wastewater weirdly coexists with weeds, dates back to 2015.

 

A solid wall is at the forefront with a vast land mass unfolding behind it. Cut in a geometric shape, this vacant lot is jam-packed with weeds. There are no buildings here. The vestiges of buildings and roads whose centers are missing are signs of habitation. The Land Belonging to Someone — 48-1 Songhyeon-dong (2015) features the scene mentioned above which was once the official residence of the American Ambassador to Korea but now lies in abandonment. This scene exists beyond a stone wall beside a road in Anguk-dong, Seoul. The empty lot is entirely occupied by weeds as in Blue Water. They have settled there in lieu of people who cannot infiltrate the area due to the high wall and appear to be growing wildly. This externally controlled vacant lot has been intruded on by nature. Weeds occupying this abandoned territory of the capital have a tenacious hold on life. Wild weeds overflow in a non-place, a place that remains empty due to a capitalistic contradiction. This location has lost its function as a place. Weeds, a type of nature that has been ousted from cities, occupy the interstice of the capital with a wild life force.

 

 

Land that is not land 

 

The land we inhabit now is no longer the same one that our ancestors inhabited. Humans have continuously dominated and occupied nature. A vacant lot over the wall in the downtown area of a city packed with a plurality of buildings and roads speaks volumes about the structure of "capitalist-landowner-capital." Invisible scenes can be found in such an abandoned site. Park’s work is an outgrowth of his careful observationof such scenes in which capitalistic control and natural wildness are in a fierce standoff. The dense growth of weeds portrayed with meticulous brush touches represent the force of nature standing against capital, regulation, and development. Many of his works unveil his views toward nature expelled from the city and the empty spaces that can be found there.

 

The Small Room, A Wide Land(2016) is a representation of thoroughly capitalized funeral culture and the natural environment that has been destroyed by it. Mountains are wide lands for the funeral industry where small rooms for dead bodies are arranged. Nature is used as a means for a barricade in such places. A mountain where funerals are held is a site without a coordinator and is a heterotopia for corpses that have been ousted from the city. Capital has constantly mutilated nature without reserve and has reconstructed the environment for capital rather than for humans. Human desire, which cuts down forests, has achieved a secret capital transaction here in nature by trading on nature as a barricade. Tombs lightheartedly rendered in thin lines implicitly unveil such a desire. His mechanically repeated drawings bear humanity’s indecent desire to occupy the environment and proliferate capital.

 

 

Thickness of green algae blooms measuring 8 cm

 

Human desire tends to newly forge environments consisting of mountains, rivers, and of course cities, occupying every corner of the entire territory. Green Algae Blooms Drawing – The River Has to Flow Again (2016) is an expansion of Park’s perspectives toward capitalistic contradictions and the ruins caused by desire that have affected the land and the ecosystem, even rivers. A dozen drawings hanging on the wall of his studio demonstrate "ongoing" scenes of rivers covered with green algae blooms that were contaminated by the Four Major Rivers Project. The green he uses in this painting is not a green found in nature. It is a turbid, bizarre hue that was discovered in the ecosystem after it was destroyed by rampant development. The artist visits the rivers plagued by green algae blooms and collects water into plastic bottles. He then observes the water after classifying them depending on the topography of rivers. Condensed green clots floating in the plastic bottles are foreign materials caused by environmental contamination.

 

The dull layers of green algae blooms dominating the rivers are examined through his dozens of drawings. This work does away with our stereotypes of a green environment and unpolluted nature. His "study into green algae blooms" through his drawings of them is his "study on painting and the time"in which he is able to get closer to the scenes of the times through painting. Drawings piled up 8 cm in height are a metaphor for the thickness of the green algae blooms that reach the same level, representing the deformed desires that have accumulated in nature. Drawings of green algae blooms done on thin graph paper are stacked one on top of the other to form a thickness of 8 cm just like the thickness of foreign materials that have accumulated on the surfaces of rivers. This is also the thickness of death that leads a large body of fish and other life forms to their demise. Accumulated human desires drive nature from our environment and gradually turn it into an aberration. This phenomenon is more serious in rivers than in mountains. The rivers are only occupied by green algae blooms, deforming the greenness of nature. 

 

 

Portrayals that investigate an era of deformity 

 

Contradiction, absurdity, and discord arising from the process of contemporary society occupying nature are quotidian factors pervasive in every corner of our lives. Park takes note of sites and situations that have been deformed by the logic of capital in a city. His portrayal of the Harmony Square (2016) located between two apartment complexes, which was once reported in a newspaper, unveils the nature of such absurdity. The star-shaped square built to facilitate harmony among residents has now become broken into two sections due to problems surrounding apartment prices. Half of the square’s pattern is filled with a myriad of granules while the other half remains empty. This portrayal represents a society in which its dwellers are irreconcilable with one another owing to pending issues surrounding their own interests. 

 

Park initially adhered to a way of drawing in which lines were densely created as if he were rendering lines on graph paper. "Can something be made if tiny things are condensed?"His obsessive and repetitive way of portraying things is bound up with his self-discipline and aesthetic, moreover political, attitude. A myriad of tiny weeds and dense green algae blooms are an utterance on the tough life force of grass roots that resist against capital and power. In addition to this matter, Banner Dispute and Dove Man(2016) is of significance. A flock of pigeons clustering around a man as he lets rice puffs fall out of his mouth stand for the relationship of coexistence that exists between nature and man who can never be completely controlled. The scattered pieces of rice puffs are reminiscent of an individual’s madness toward a deteriorated world. As such, Park’s paintings are representations of the absurdities and contradictions between man and the environment that nevertheless capture an area foreign to us that we feel the urge to constantly comment on. For this reason, his landscape works can be seen as "a study on our time." His upcoming landscapes are anticipated as portrayals that will help to examine this era of deformity.

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๋ฅ˜ํ•œ์Šน(๊ตญ๋ฆฝํ˜„๋Œ€๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ด€ ํ•™์˜ˆ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์‚ฌ)

2012

 

 

 2005๋…„ ์ž‘๊ฐ€์˜ ์ง‘์— ์ •์›์ด ์ƒ๊ฒผ๋‹ค. ํ‰์†Œ ์ž์—ฐ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ถ์„ ์›ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ทธ์˜ ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๋Š” ์ •์›์„ ๊ฐ€๊พธ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ทจ๋ฏธ๋กœ ํ•œ ์ผ์ด ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€์˜ ์ผ์ƒ์ด ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ , ์ ์ฐจ ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๋Š” ์ •์›๊ด€๋ฆฌ์— ๋งŽ์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ์จ์•ผํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ดํ›„ ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๋Š” ๋™๋„ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ถ€์ง€๋Ÿฐํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถˆ๋ ธ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ฒ˜์Œ์—๋Š”์•„๋ฒ„์ง€์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต์ด ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์›Œ๋ณด์˜€์ง€๋งŒ, ์–ด๋А ์ˆœ๊ฐ„ ์ •์›์„ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š” ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€์˜ ๋’ท๋ชจ์Šต์ด ์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ์“ธ์“ธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ž‘๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰ ์ข‹์•„์„œ ์ผ์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ์ฐจ์ธฐ ๊ทธ์ผ์„ ํ•ด์•ผ๋งŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ์ด๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ญ”๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ๊ฐ์ „๋„ ๋œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•œ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ•ํ˜•์ง„์ด๋‹ค. ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด ๊ทธ๋Š” ์ž์‹ ๋งŒ์˜ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์—์„œ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ผ์— ๋งค์ง„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ์Šต์ด, ๋งˆ์น˜ ์™ธ๋กœ์›€์„ ๊ทน๋ณตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ˜„๋Œ€์ธ์˜ ์ž๊ตฌ์ฑ…์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์‹œ๋งํ•ด ๋‚จ๋“ค์˜ ์‹œ์„ ์„ ๊ฐœ์˜์น˜ ์•Š๊ณ  ๋ฌต๋ฌตํžˆ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋„๋ฆฌ์–ด ๋” ์™ธ๋กœ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ , ๊ทธ ์™ธ๋กœ์›€์„ ๊ทน๋ณตํ•˜๊ธฐ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ํ–‰๋™์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š”๊ฒƒ ์ด๋‹ค.

 ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋ฐ•ํ˜•์ง„์€ ํ˜„๋Œ€์ธ๋“ค์ด ์ง€๋‹Œ ์™ธ๋กœ์›€, ํƒ€์ธ์˜ ์‹œ์„ ์„ ์˜์‹ํ•œ ํƒœ์—ฐํ•จ, ์™ธ๋กœ์›€์„ ๊ทน๋ณตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ–‰์œ„๋“ฑ์„ ํฌ์ฐฉํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ์ž‘์—…์ด ๊ทธ์˜‘Alone’ ์—ฐ์ž‘์ด๋‹ค.(์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋ฌต๋ฌตํžˆ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ๊ฐ€๊พธ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ) ํ•œํŽธ,<์–ธ๋‹ˆ์˜์™ธ๋ฐ•>(2012)์€ ์–ธ๋‹ˆ๊ฐ€ ๋Šฆ๊ฒŒ ๋“ค์–ด์˜ค๊ฑฐ๋‚˜  ์™ธ๋ฐ•ํ•œ๊ฒƒ์„, <์—„๋งˆ์˜์™ธ์ถœ>(2012)์€ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ๊ฐ€ ์ง‘์— ์—†๋Š”๋‚ ์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ๊ทธ๋ฆฐ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ง‘์€ ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ทธ๋‚  ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ฐ€์กฑ๋“ค์ด ๋А๋ผ๋Š” ์ง‘์•ˆ ๋ถ„์œ„๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ฒœ์ฐจ๋งŒ๋ณ„์ด๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ์–ธ๋‹ˆ๊ฐ€ ์™ธ๋ฐ•ํ–ˆ์„๋•Œ์˜ ์‹ธ๋Š˜ํ•œ๋А๋‚Œ, ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ๊ฐ€ ์—†์„ ๋•Œ์˜ํ˜ผ๋ˆ์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ๋ชจ์Šต๋“ฑ ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๋А๋‚€ ๊ฐ์ •์ด ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ํ‘œํ˜„๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.

 ์ตœ๊ทผ ๋ฐ•ํ˜•์ง„์€ ‘ํŠน๊ธฐ์‚ด๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ’ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ธ<๋ฏธ๋Œ€๋‚˜์˜จ ๋†ˆ>(2012)์€ ๊ตฐ๋Œ€์— ๊ฐ„ ๋ฏธ๋Œ€์ƒ์„ ์†Œ์žฌ๋กœ  ํ•œ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๋ฏธ๋Œ€์ƒ์€ ์šด๋™์žฅ์—์„œ ์„ ์„ ๊ธ‹๊ณ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์„ ๊ทธ๋ ธ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋กœ ๊ทธ์™€ ์—ฐ๊ด€๋œ ์ผ์„ ์‹œํ‚จ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€๋งŒ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด๊ธฐ์—” ์–ด์ฒ˜๊ตฌ๋‹ˆ์—†๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ๊ฑด์ถ•์„ ์ „๊ณตํ•œ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ์‚ฝ์งˆ์„์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ , ๊ณต๋Œ€์ƒ์—๊ฒŒ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ฅด๊ฒŒํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ•ํ˜•์ง„์€ ๊ตฐ๋Œ€์—์„œ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ํŠน๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์™œ๊ณก๋˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ํ•ดํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌ˜์‚ฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

 

 

 2005, a garden was added to her house. Always yearning for the life with nature, her father started to work on the garden. What began as a hobby became his daily routine, and her father had to spend more and more time to manage his garden. Afterward, his father was recognized as a diligent man among his neighbors. At first, he looked happy. However, the artist claims that her father’s back looked lonely. Started because he liked the work, but soon he was facing a situation where he has to do the work. It was Park, Hyung Jin who focused on such preposterous situation. In addition to that, to her, focusing on one’s own work in their private places looked like contemporary man’s measure for overcoming loneliness. In other words, working without paying attention to others could be even lonelier, and such action is resulted to overcome the loneliness.

Park, Hyung Jin picks out loneliness of modern man, easiness resulted in being aware of others, and action to overcome loneliness. Series of her works called, “Alone”, represents such character. (In this work, people silently work on their own space.)

<Sleepover of sister>(2012) is about when her sister is not at home or late, <Going out of mom>(2012) is about a house when mom is not in it. While the house always remains the same, family might have various feelings toward it according to what had happened that day. Coldness she feels when her sister is not in the house, and the confusing atmosphere from mom’s absence, such feelings are displayed in very interesting way.

Recently, Park, Hyung Jin has been working on a project called “Making use of your skills”. Among them is <One from Art school>(2012). It is about an art student in army. The art student is drawing a line on the soccer field. Authorities made him do that because he was an artist, however, to us, it doesn’t make any sense. Just like that, they make a student who majored in architecture to dig a hole, and engineering student to carry a computer. Park, Hyung Jin tries to portrait the fact that one’s skills being used in a wrong way in the army in a very humorous way.

๋ฐ•์ฒœ๋‚จ(์„ฑ๊ณก๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ด€ ํ•™์˜ˆ์‹ค์žฅ)

2011 ์™ธ๋กœ์›€์˜ ํž˜

 

 

 ์ผ์ƒ๊ณผ ์™ธ๋กœ์›€์€ ์ƒํ˜ธ ๊ธธํ•ญํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์˜์ง€๋ฅผ ํ‚ค์šฐ๋Š” ํž˜์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ•ํ˜•์ง„ ํ™”๋ฉด ์† ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์˜ ์ง€๋ฃจํ•œ ์›€์ง์ž„๊ณผ ๋ฌด์‹ฌํ•œ ์ฒ™ ๋‚จ๊ฒจ์ง„ ๋Œ€์ง€๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•˜๋‹ค. ์ด๋“ค์€ ๋ณด๋Š” ์ด๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ๊ธˆ ์–ด์ œ, ์˜ค๋Š˜, ๋‚ด์ผ์„ ๋Œ์•„๋ณด๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์™ธ๋กœ์›€์ด ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์žกํžˆ์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์œผ๋‚˜ ๋์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ž‘์€ ๊นจ๋‹ฌ์Œ์„ ๋˜์ ธ์ค€๋‹ค. ๋ฐ•ํ˜•์ง„์€ ์ „์ง€์ž(ๅ…จๆ™บ่€…)์˜ ์‹œ์„ ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ € ๋†’์€ ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋Œ€์ง€๋ฅผ ํ•œ๋ˆˆ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚ด๋ ค๋‹ค๋ณธ๋‹ค. ์ž์‹ ์ด ๋ชธ๋‹ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋จธ๋ฌผ๋ €๋˜ ์ด๋Ÿฐ์ €๋Ÿฐ ๊ณณ์„ ๊ผผ๊ผผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋“ค์—ฌ๋‹ค๋ณธ๋‹ค. ๋ถ€๊ฐ์œผ๋กœ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚œ ํ’๊ฒฝ์€ ์ง€๋ฃจํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต๋˜๋Š” ์ผ์ƒ๊ณผ ๋‹ฎ์•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ˜„์‹ค๊ณผ ์ „ํ˜€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์—ด๋ฆฐ ์„ธ์ƒ์œผ๋กœ, ์‚ถ๊ณผ ์ฐฝ์ž‘์˜ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ธฐ์šด์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค. ํ™”๋ฉด ์† ๋ฐ•ํ˜•์ง„์€ ์• ์จ ํƒœ์—ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ์œ ๋„ ๋ณด์ด์ง€๋งŒ, ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๊ณ ๋…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์™ธ๋กญ๊ธฐ ๊ทธ์ง€์—†๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ”๋“ค๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฐ์ •์„ ์ถ”์Šค๋ฅด๊ณ  ๊ฐ์ถ”๋ ค๋Š” ๋“ฏ ์ผ์ฒด์˜ ํ—ˆ๋ฌผ๋„ ์—†์ด ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Ÿฐํžˆ ์ •๋ ฌ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ทธ์˜ ํ™”๋ฉด์€ ๋Œ€์ง€์™€ ์ž”๋””, ์ž”๋””์™€ ์ธ๊ฐ„, ์ธ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ๋Œ€์ง€, ๋Œ€์ง€์™€ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์„œ๋กœ ์‚ด์„ ๋งž๋Œ€๊ณ  ๋น„๋น„๋ฉฐ ๋ฐœ์‚ฐํ•˜๋Š” ์ž์—ฐ ํ–ฅ๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ™œํ™œ ํƒ€์˜ค๋ฅด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ถ๊ณผ ์ธ์ƒ์„ ๋น„์œ ํ•  ๋•Œ ํ”ํžˆ ๋†์‚ฌ๋ผ๋Š” ๋ง์„ ์“ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ฃผ์ง€ํ•˜๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ, ๋†์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์˜์ง€๋Œ€๋กœ๋งŒ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค. ๊ฒฝ์ž‘ ์˜์ง€์™€ ์ œ๋„, ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋“ฑ ์ž์œจ๊ณผ ํƒ€์œจ์ด ๊ท ํ˜•์„ ์ด๋ฃจ๋ฉฐ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋ชจ์—ฌ ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์„ธ์ƒ๋„ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ฐ•ํ˜•์ง„์˜ ์ž‘์—…์€ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ํ˜„์žฌ์  ์‚ถ์„ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๋ณด๋Š”, ๊ฟˆ๊ณผ ๋ฐ”๋žŒ, ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ๊ฐ€๊พธ๋Š” ๊พธ๋ฐˆ์—†์ด ์ž๋ผ๋‚˜๋Š” ํ’๊ฒฝ์ด๋‹ค. ์™ธ๋กœ์›€๊ณผ ์ผ์ƒ์„ ๊ธฐ๋กํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์ธ ๋™์‹œ์— ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์—๊ฒŒ, ์Šค์Šค๋กœ์—๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.

 

 

 

Park Hyung Jin : The Power of Loneliness.

Everyday life and loneliness contend with each other to produce the power of will. Park Hyung Jin's canvas of the earth, which seems as it is oblivious to the movements of people is such a case. It causes people to reflect on their past, present, and future and gives us the small realization that the loneliness we experience has an end, however intangible. Park Hyung Jin has an omnipresent perspective that seems like he is up in clouds and looking down on the earth. He looks closely at the places he stayed or is staying in. His bird's eye view on the landscape is similar to the repetitive everyday life, but it is a completely open world, different from reality, and it acts as another power for life and artistic creation. Park Hyung Jin tries to look calm and relaxed, but in fact is incomparably lonely. He pulls himself together, and in his unpretentious canvas, the earth and the grass, the grass and the human, the human and the earth, the earth and earth all touch each other's skins and release the smell of nature. Commonly, life is compared to farming. But as can be observed, farming does not go perfectly as planned. The world, with it's many inhabitants, is probably the same. Park Hyung Jin's work is an unassuming landscape that grows dreams, wind and deep thoughts and reflects on his own life prospectively. It is a painting that records loneliness and the everyday life, and at the same time, it is a painting to show again to another person and himself.

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